Exploring Ancient Ruins in South America: A Travel Guide to Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu, often referred to as the “Lost City of the Incas,” is one of the most awe-inspiring and historically significant ancient ruins in the world. Tucked away in the Andes Mountains of Peru, this UNESCO World Heritage Site attracts millions of visitors annually with its mysterious beauty, rich Incan history, and breathtaking landscapes. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, adventure seeker, or simply looking to check one of the world’s most famous destinations off your bucket list, this guide will help you plan an unforgettable trip to Machu Picchu.
In this detailed travel guide, we’ll explore how to get to Machu Picchu, the best times to visit, what to pack, available trekking routes, ticket information, and tips for maximizing your experience.
1. How to Get to Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is located near the town of Aguas Calientes, accessible only by train, bus, or foot. Travelers generally start their journey in Cusco, a city that served as the capital of the Inca Empire and is the gateway to Machu Picchu.
By Train
The most popular and scenic way to reach Machu Picchu is by train. You can take the PeruRail or IncaRail from Cusco or the Sacred Valley to Aguas Calientes, a town at the base of the mountain.
• PeruRail: Offers various levels of service, including the luxurious Hiram Bingham train or the more budget-friendly Expedition train. The journey takes approximately 3.5 hours from Cusco. You can book PeruRail tickets here.
• IncaRail: Also offers similar services with panoramic windows for viewing the stunning Andean landscapes. Book: Cuscu to Machu Picchu road here, Ollantaytambo to Machu Picchu road here
Once in Aguas Calientes, a short bus ride or hike will take you to the entrance of Machu Picchu.
By Hiking (Inca Trail)
For adventurous travelers, the Inca Trail is one of the most iconic trekking routes in the world. This 4-day, 26-mile (42 km) trek passes through ancient ruins, lush cloud forests, and stunning mountain vistas, culminating at the Sun Gate of Machu Picchu.
• Classic Inca Trail: A 4-day trek that requires a permit booked months in advance. This route offers the ultimate Inca experience, combining natural beauty with ancient ruins.
• Salkantay Trek: A more challenging alternative to the Inca Trail, taking trekkers through snow-capped mountains and jungle valleys over 5 days.
• Lares Trek: A quieter, more cultural route that passes through traditional Andean villages.
By Bus
From Aguas Calientes, buses depart every few minutes to take travelers up to Machu Picchu. The bus ride takes around 20 minutes and saves energy for exploring the ruins.
2. Best Time to Visit
Machu Picchu is open year-round, but the time of year you visit can significantly impact your experience.
Dry Season (May to September)
The dry season, particularly June to August, is the most popular time to visit Machu Picchu. The weather is clear, with little chance of rain, making it ideal for exploring the ruins and trekking.
• Pros: Best weather for hiking and exploring. Clear skies offer stunning views.
• Cons: This is the high season, so the site can be crowded, and prices for flights and accommodation are higher.
Rainy Season (November to April)
While the rainy season sees fewer tourists, visiting during this time has its advantages. The landscape is lush and green, and there are fewer crowds.
• Pros: Fewer visitors, lower prices, and the surrounding area is greener and more vibrant.
• Cons: Rain can make the trek muddy, and views might be obstructed by clouds. The Inca Trail closes in February for maintenance.
Shoulder Season (April and October)
April and October are great months to visit if you want to avoid both the high-season crowds and the heavy rains of the wet season. The weather is generally mild, and visitor numbers are moderate.
3. Tickets and Permits
Entrance tickets to Machu Picchu need to be purchased in advance, especially during the high season, as visitor numbers are strictly limited to preserve the site.
Types of Tickets:
1. Machu Picchu General Entrance: Grants access to the main ruins.
2. Machu Picchu + Huayna Picchu: Includes access to the main site plus a climb up Huayna Picchu, the iconic mountain seen in most photos of the ruins. Only 200 tickets are available per day, so book early.
3. Machu Picchu + Mountain: Offers entry to the ruins and the option to climb Machu Picchu Mountain, which provides stunning panoramic views of the area.
Where to Buy Tickets:
• Online: Purchase directly through the official Peruvian Ministry of Culture website.
• In Person: Tickets can also be bought in Cusco or Aguas Calientes, but availability can be limited, especially during the high season.
4. What to Pack
Whether you’re taking the train or hiking the Inca Trail, here’s a packing list to ensure you’re well-prepared for the journey:
• Comfortable Hiking Shoes: You’ll be walking on uneven terrain, so sturdy shoes are essential.
• Waterproof Jacket: Even during the dry season, weather can be unpredictable.
• Sunscreen and Hat: The sun can be strong, especially at higher elevations.
• Insect Repellent: The surrounding cloud forests can harbor mosquitoes.
• Water Bottle: Stay hydrated, especially if you’re trekking.
• Camera or Smartphone: Don’t forget to capture the incredible scenery.
• Small Daypack: To carry essentials like snacks, a camera, and a rain jacket.
5. Exploring the Ruins
Machu Picchu is a large site, and there’s much to explore. Here are some of the key highlights you won’t want to miss:
1. The Sun Gate (Inti Punku)
The first view of Machu Picchu for trekkers arriving via the Inca Trail. It’s also accessible by hiking from the main ruins and offers a panoramic view of the citadel.
2. The Temple of the Sun
One of the most important structures at Machu Picchu, this temple was used for astronomical and religious purposes. Its finely cut stones showcase the Incas’ advanced masonry skills.
3. The Sacred Plaza
This area is home to several important buildings, including the Temple of the Three Windows, which offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains.
4. The Intihuatana Stone
This carved stone served as a sun dial, marking important astronomical events. It’s considered one of the most spiritually significant structures in Machu Picchu.
5. Huayna Picchu
For those who have secured tickets, climbing Huayna Picchu offers one of the most iconic views of the Machu Picchu ruins. The steep trail is challenging but rewards hikers with breathtaking views.
6. Practical Tips for Visiting
• Arrive Early: To avoid crowds, it’s best to arrive at there as early as possible. The site opens at 6 AM, and the early morning light offers fantastic photo opportunities.
• Hire a Guide: While you can explore Machu Picchu on your own, hiring a licensed guide will provide deeper insight into the history and significance of the site.
• Respect the Site: Machu Picchu is a protected site, so visitors are expected to respect the ruins by not climbing on the structures or removing any artifacts.
• Stay Hydrated: Altitude sickness can affect visitors due to Machu Picchu’s elevation, so drink plenty of water and take it slow, especially when climbing stairs or trails.
